Falsifiable Paper free essay sample

Falsifiability Paula Weldon University of Phoenix Falsifiability Concept Karl Popper defined falsifiability as the innate sample of a scientific hypothesis, yet in the simplest form falsifiability is a belief; a belief that in order for a hypothesis to have credibility, it must be disconfirmed before deemed as scientific evidence ( Stanovich, 2010). Take for instance scientists who question others about God; Does he exist? Is he real? This is a theory that cant be discredited so it also cannot be labeled as science. While the idea of no theory being absolute is omething to ponder, if the theory is not falsified it must then be truth. The theory of gravity in past time was thought to be solid due to reasoning that objects do not float away haphazardly from the earths foundation. Even though research and procedures were fitting to this theory, testing was performed at any given time. Because of later research proving that Newtons laws could be broken down the theory of gravity is now unaccepted as a truth. We will write a custom essay sample on Falsifiable Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Popper addressed falsifiability as black and white; this meaning that if a theory is proven as falsifiable it is deemed scientific and if it cannot be proven falsifiable it cannot be scientific. According to Popper, there exist many areas of applied science; social science being one and is not scientific because the possibility for falsification does not exist( Pozzo, 2009). For many sciences falsifiability is useful for producing theories available to sample. When a theory which is falsifiable is tested with meaningful results, this proves the theory as a scientific truth. Of course there are both advantages and disadvantages to Poppers idea; the advantage is when additional knowledge and resources are available truths may be falsified. A huge disadvantage is that sciences of today are udgmental and factually grounded and at the least-strict. Falsifiability to the empirical nature of science Falsifiable is a whole new meaning next to verifiable; an assertion for instance is empirically verifiable if feasible awareness comments reasonably suggest truth of the assertion. If by chance factual observation comments do suggest the assertion, it becomes verified. According to Popper, something (as a discipline) that is not a science entails pseudoscience; pseudoscience would include psychology and different views of Sigmund Freud, metaphysics, and Marxism. A majority of issues dealing with science re grounded in metaphysics, yet to be labeled scientific claims need be empirical risks. Falsifiability is yet the enduring rank for Popper. Testing does not exist to prove a hypothesis or credible because it will always be speculative. Knowledge the possibility of one learning by experience instead of factual knowledge. In earlier times empiricism was likened to inductivism. (Scientific research proceeds from observations to theories)(Pozzo, 2009). Popper immediately Jumped on this by defending his notion that individuals must reach ideas by gathering facts and ascertaining ongoing patterns in them. According to others, nature has a way to speak for herself. Popper argued that first individuals must offer a proposition to get the problem solved. Next individuals must test the proposition-attempting to falsify it. The proposition tells whether observations are even pertinent; Just opposite to what inductivists think, there is no relevance when it comes to discovering something-Just the logistics of performing the test. Claims cannot be verified as already stated in this paper, but can be falsified. Popper came to his own agreement that to find truth one must eliminate misconception. Reaching error such as in efective hypotheses cannot be considered wrong (Pozzo, 2009). As a matter of fact, errors are necessary for science to continue. Individuals learn from their mistakes! Falsifiability and the discipline of Psychology In the world of psychology, theories have to be tested to determine if they are true. The way scientists make sure they are dealing with testable theories is by ensuring their theories are falsifiable; what this means is they have suggestions for genuine happenings in a natural surrounding (Stanovich, 2010). When scientists formulate hypothesis, they have to be stated in a ay that permits a statement to be false. Strategies then used to evaluate the theory as a result has to take into account the possibility that data retrieved will prove the theory as false. This is known as the Falsifiability criterion. Predictions defined by the Falsifiability criterion have to be distinct when describing what can happen, and has to describe what can not happen. When the prognosis of what can not happen, does indeed happen there poses a problem with the theory. The theory will next be changed or a new theory will develop. The result of this is that the new theory will be ore positive or closer to the truth (Stanovich, 2007). Successful theories are ones which do not account for every prospect. If they did, they would be unable to change and there would be no prospect of advancement whatsoever. Why is falsifiability important to psychology? Falsifiability can make a theory prosperous but alongside other factors; for example when theory is in-depth with clues or forecasts that go against social norms and compel individuals to think on specific ideas of ways they normally would not think on. This thinking will permit those in research to ponder on newer ways to treat. When a hypothesis is deemed falsified, a new or modernized theory is developed, but when the hypothesis is intensely specific it conveys the truth much closer to the researcher. Non-Falsifiable Psychological Theory Benjamin Rush Benjamin Rush was one of the endorsers on the Declaration of Independence as well as a prominent doctor in Philadelphia. In 1793 yellow fever broke lose and Rush was among those treating patients. Rush supported the theory which specified illnesses in association with fever needed treatment via blood transfusion. According to Stanovich (2001), Rush dispensed the treatment to a majority of his patients; he dministered the treatment to himself also when he contacted the illness. Rushs more life threatening than having the illness itself. Rushs confidence in the effectiveness of his treatment method however remained solid opposed to the several patients of his that passed away from the illness. In Rushs case, one would have to assume that his attitude along with confidence in his medical treatment played a major part of the scenario. If the patient were to survive the illness the blood transfusions worked; when the opposite occurred the patient was far too sick to try any source of treatment. Because Rush failed to determine the outcome of his treatment method and evaluate evidence provided, he simply made it near impossible to falsify his theory. Theory Newtons Theory of Gravity Falsifiable Psychological Isaac Newton was affixed on the fact that gravitational force caused an apple to fall from a tree; in his mindset, this same force keeps the earths motion from carrying it away from the sun. His gravitational force theory was based on the moon orbiting the earth the same way that the planets orbit the sun. In his thinking Newton decided the earths force on the apple which fell, the earths force on the oon, and the suns force on the planets basically are the same forces.

Apocolypse Now Reaction Paper essays

Apocolypse Now Reaction Paper essays The Heart of Darkness was written in 1903 by Joseph Conrad and the words became flesh in Francis Ford Coppolas Apocalypse Now released in 1979. His artisan vision was able to raise the poetry of Conrads story and speak them in a language that we dont want to understand, but inherently do. The canonical novel is brought to life in a radical and political translation that makes Conrads Marlow even more than a hero; he is now Coppolas brand of Jesus Christ sent on a mission by the United States army to kill the anti-American antichrist Colonel Kurtz. How does an audience relate to a man who is already dead to the world? We dont know much about the journey that has taken him to where he resides at the start of the story, but we understand that he is a man who has already seen things that have emotionally dismembered him. Martin Sheens Captain Willard has already lost the life he once lived before we catch up with him in his Saigon hotel room: since being stationed in Vietnam during the war, his wife has left him, his mission has ended and he no longer fits into society because of his experiences in the war. We, the audience, empathize with Willard because we have either lived through a war or have fought in a war. We have compassion for Willard because we have created him and hes died emotionally for our sins. The Conrad novel prepares and foreshadows his hero, Marlowe, in his dealings at the Company Office. Greeted by the women knitting black wool, who sit calmly outside of the office like sentries, he finds out that the men who have passed this way do not return. Willard is also given a taste of what is to come in his meeting at Army Headquarters. He sits down to a feast of the grotesque, a last supper before beginning his mission. While the guests take stabs at the bloody beef, a tape is played with a mans voice describing the way a slug slim...

Case studies College Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Studies College - Case Study Example (citation omitted but mentioned in this case) Answer to Question 2: The duty to use reasonable care in assigning the student to internship was not changed by the fact that the student arranged her own internship or practicum because this did not change the special relationship of student-institution imposed by the mandatory internship program of the school. In the other hand, even if it is the student who arranged her own practicum, she still needs the approval of the school on the selected site. Part of the duty of the school before approval is to determine the condition of the site whether it a conducive place and to warn the student of any foreseeable risks. Answer to Question 3: Aside from waivers to be signed by the parent/s of the student, another way that the institution could protect itself from liability is to have the employer, student, or school sign indemnity agreements or releases of liability which is appropriate in the case of mandatory internship program. ... ) PAPER 2 Bradshaw v. Rawlings 612 F. 2d 135 (3d Cir. 1979) Answer to Question 1: It is a settled rule beginning from this case that college students, mostly 18 and above, are already adults, and the supervisory duty of an institution imposed by the doctrine in loco parentis no longer applies as the doctrine only applies to minors. Therefore, regulating the conduct of students and school-sponsored student activities outside the institution is no longer the responsibility of the school. Once the school, in its own initiative, took the responsibility in regulating those activities, it created a "special relationship" imposing to itself a responsibility to protect the students from the foreseeable risks of the activity. As a result, the failure to provide a reasonable care for the students in the conduct of school-sponsored activity will make the school liable for injuries that may be sustained by the students, if any, even if it is an off-campus activity. In this connection, the school could have better protected itself form the potential liability in situations involving student activity and the consumption of alcohol by limiting the coverage of the school policy prohibiting alcohol consumption during school or student activities within the school premises only. It is therefore suggested, that a change in the school's written policy of regulating alcohol consumption by the students to be limited only on in-campus activities or in activities sponsored by the school. In cases of off-campus activities where an adviser is involved, it should be clarified before the activity as to what level of interaction should the adviser exercise. The type and level of